Genetics and the Evolution of Form

GENETICS 677

Prof. John Doebley

Genetics/Biotech Room 1408, Wednesdays 11-12

Course Outline

Sept. 7 Overview/Historical Context

 

I. The Genetic Architecture of Evolutionary Change

Sept. 14 The Genetic Context

Readings:

• Maynard Smith, J. 1983. The genetics of stasis and punctuation. Ann. Rev. Gen. 17: 11-25. [pdf]
• Orr, H. A., and J. Coyne. 1992. The genetics of adaptation: a reassessment. Amer. Naturalist 140: 725-742. [pdf]

Additional:

• Goldschmidt, R. 1952. Evolution, as viewed by one geneticist. Amer. Scientist 40: 84-98, 135.
• Gottlieb, L. 1984. Genetics and morphological evolution in plants. Amer. Naturalist 123: 681-709.
• Coyne, J. and R. Lande. 1985. The genetic basis of species differences in plants. Amer. Naturalist 126: 141-145.

 

Sept. 21 The Molecular Evolutionary Context

Readings:

• Jacob, F. 1977. Evolution and tinkering. Science 196: 1161-1166.[pdf]
• King, M.-C., and A. C. Wilson. 1975. Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science 188:107-116. [pdf]

Additional:

• Britten, R.J. 1971. Davidson EH: Repetitive and non-repetitive DNA sequences and a speculation on the origins of evolutionary novelty. Quarterly Review of Biology 46: 111-138.
• Ohno, S. 1970. Evolution by gene duplication. New York: Springer-Verlag.
• Britten, R., and E. Davidson. 1969. Gene regulation for higher cells: A theory. Science 165: 349-357.

 

Sept. 28 Mapping the Genes for Species Differences

Readings:

• Bradshaw, H. D., S. Wilbert, K. Otto and D. Schemske. 1995. Genetic mapping of floral traits associated with reproductive isolation in monkeyflowers (Mimulus). Nature 376: 762-765. [pdf]
• Peichel, C.L., et al. 2001. The genetic architecture of divergence between threespine stickleback species. Nature 414: 901-905. [pdf]

Additional:

• Mauricio, R. 2001. Mapping quantitative trait loci in plants: uses and caveats for evolutionary biology. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2: 370-81.
• Tanksley, S. D. 1993. Mapping polygenes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 27: 205-233.

II. Developmental Genetics and the Evolution of Animal and Plant Diversity

Oct. 5 Making and Modifying a Flower: The Genetic Toolkit

Readings:

• Coen, E., and E. Meyerowitz. 1991. The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature. 353: 31-37. [pdf]
• Ambrose, B., et al. 2000. Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots. Molecular Cell 5: 569. [pdf]

Additional:

• Shu G, W. Amaral, L. Hileman, and D. Baum. 2000. LEAFY and the evolution of rosette flowering in violet cress (Jonopsidium acaule, Brassicaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 87 :634-641.
• Kramer, E. and V. Irish. 1999. Evolution of genetic mechanisms controlling petal development.  Nature 399: 144-148.

Oct. 12 Making and Modifying a Flower: Variations on the Theme

Readings:

• Luo D., R. Carpenter , C. Vincent C, L. Copsey and E. Coen. 1996. Origin of floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum. Nature 383: 794-799. [pdf]
• Hileman, L. E. Kramer and D. Baum.  2003.  Differential regulation of symmetry genes and the evolution of floral morphologies.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 12814-12819. [pdf]

Additional:

• Donoghue, M., R. Ree and D. Baum. 1998. Phylogeny and the evolution of flower symmetry in the Asteridae. Trends Plant Sci. 3:311-317.
• Cubas, P., C. Vincent and E. Coen. 1999. An epigenetic mutation responsible for natural variation in floral symmetry. Nature 401: 157-161.

Oct 19 Making and Modifying a Leaf

Readings:

• Harrison, C., S.. Corley, E. Moylan, D. L. Alexander, R. W. Scotland and J. A. Langdale. 2005. Independent recruitment of a conserved developmental mechanism during leaf evolution.  Nature 434: 509-514. [pdf]
• Kim, M., S. McCormick, M. Timmermans, N. Sinha. 2003. The expression domain of PHANTASTICA determines leaflet placement in compound leaves. Nature 424: 438-443. [pdf]

Additional:

• Bharathan, G., et al. 2002. Homologies in leaf form inferred from KNOXI gene expression during development. Science 296: 1858-1860.

Oct. 26 The Genetic Toolkit for Animals: A Shared Repertoire of Parts

Readings:

• Slack J, P. Holland and C. Graham. 1993. The zootype and the phylotypic stage. Nature 361: 490-492. [pdf], [pdf ]
• Garcia-Fernández, J., and P. Holland. 1994. Archetypal organization of the amphioxus Hox gene cluster. Nature 370: 563-566. [pdf]
• De Robertis E. M., and Y. Sasai. 1996. A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria. Nature 380: 37-40. [pdf]

Additional:

• Carroll S. B., Grenier J. K., Weatherbee S D. 2001. From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Genetics and the Evolution of Animal Design. Malden: Blackwell Scientific. [A general reference for animal evolutionary developmental biology].

Nov. 2 The Genetic Toolkit for Animal: Conservation and Change in Eye Evolution

Readings:

• Zuker, C. 1994. On the evolution of eyes: Would you like it simple or compound. Science 265: 742-743. [pdf]
• Quiring R., U. Walldorf, U. Kloter and W. Gehring. 1994. Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the Small eye gene in mice and Aniridia in humans. Science 265: 785-789. [pdf]
• Halder G., P. Callaerts and W. Gehring. 1995. Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila. Science 1995; 267: 1788-1792. [pdf]

Nov. 9 Diversification of Body Plans and Body Parts

Readings:

• Averof M., and N. Patel. 1997. Crustacean appendage evolution associated with changes in Hox gene expression. Nature 388: 682-686. [pdf]
• Carroll, S., S Weatherbee and J. Langeland. 1995. Homeotic genes and the regulation and evolution of insect wing number. Nature 375: 58-61. [pdf]

Additional:

• Cohn MJ, and C. Tickle. 1999. Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes. Nature 399: 474-479.

III. From DNA to Diversity: Molecular Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Nov. 16 Natural Variation: Butterfly Eyespots

Readings:

• Brakefield, P. M. et al. 1996. Development, plasticity and evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. Nature 384: 236-242. [pdf]
• Beldade, P., P. Brakefield and A. Long. 2002. Contribution of Distal-less to quantitative variation in butterfly eyespots.  Nature 415: 315-318. [pdf]

Nov. 23 Natural Variation: Skeletal Morphology

Readings:

• Colosimo, P. et al. 2005. Widespread parallel evolution in sticklebacks by repeated fixation of ectodysplasin alleles. Science 307: 1928-1933. [pdf]
• Abzhanov, A. et al. 2004. Bmp4 and morphological variation of beaks in Darwin's finches. Science 305: 1462-1465. [pdf]

Nov. 30 How Genes Change: Protein Evolution

Readings:

• Nachman, M. W., H. E. Hoekstra and S. L. D’Agostino. 2003. The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 5268-5273. [pdf]
• Galant, R. and S. B. Carroll.  2002. Evolution of a novel transcriptional repression domain in the Ultrabithorax Hox protein in insects.  Nature 415: 848-849. [pdf]

Dec. 7 How Genes Change: cis-Regulatory Evolution

Readings:

• Shapiro, M. D. et al. 2004. Genetic and developmental basis of evolutionary pelvic reduction in threespine sticklebacks. Nature 428: 717-723. [pdf]
• Stern, D. L. (1998). A role of Ultrabithorax in morphological differences between Drosophila species. Nature 396, 463-466. [pdf]

Additional:

• Sucena, E., et al. 2003. Regulatory evolution of shavenbaby/ovo underlies multiple cases of morphological parallelism. Nature 424: 635-638.
• Gompel, N. et al. 2005. Chance caught on the wing: cis-regulatory evolution and the origin of pigment patterns in Drosophila. Nature 433: 481-487.

Dec. 14 The Evolution of Development: The Status of the Field

Readings:

• Leroi A. M. 2000. The scale independence of evolution. Evolution & Development 2: 67-77. [pdf]
• Carroll, S. B. 2005. Evolution at two levels: On genes and form. PLoSBiology 3: 1159-1166. [pdf]

Additional:

• Akam, M. 1998. Hox genes, homeosis and the evolution of segment identity: no need for hopeless monsters. International Journal of Developmental Biology 42: 445-451.

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